TECHNICAL LIBRARY
Articles and white papers for optical-system decisions
Independent, vendor-neutral explanations that connect photonic devices with architecture, packaging, manufacturing, test, reliability, and system economics.
FEATURED RESOURCE
Start with the package-level coupling decision
Why Optical I/O Coupling Fails at the Package Level
A practical framework for choosing an interface that survives assembly shift, package movement, full-array variation, measurement, and yield constraints.
FIBER COUPLING
Fiber Coupling Is Not Just an Efficiency Problem
Why tolerance, packaging, manufacturing, reliability, and test determine whether an interface scales.
Read the guide →ACTIVE COMPONENTS
Why Optical Modulators Matter—and Where They Hurt
How bandwidth, loss, drive, thermal control, packaging, and yield shape the transmitter.
Read the guide →FOUNDATIONS
CPO, Optical I/O, and Silicon Photonics Are Not the Same Thing
Understand the architecture, data-movement function, and technology platform as separate decisions.
Read the guide →ARCHITECTURE
What Actually Changes When Moving from Pluggables to CPO?
A systems view of electrical reach, thermal constraints, serviceability, and business tradeoffs.
Read the guide →LINK ENGINEERING
How to Read an Optical Link Specification
A practical checklist for wavelengths, channels, BER, FEC, temperature, power, and margin.
Read the guide →